Child obesity is a name given to a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child’s health or well being. Obesity is an increase in adipose tissue, so much so that it can cause a variety of adverse health consequences. Obesity is usually defined as a body mass index also known as BMI (BMI = weight divided by height squared) of 30 kg/meter squared or higher. This distinguishes from being overweight as define by a BMI of between 25-29.9 kg/meter squared. It may come as a surprise to many that as per the research and surveys conducted by the National Institute of Diabetes as far as obesity is concerned in America, at least 68% of Americans are overweigh. Of these people at least 2-3% is considered morbidly obese and requires surgery for survival. (Norman, 1990)
Obesity is undoubtedly a major problem in today’s society. From a broader viewpoint over 1 billion people are classes as obese worldwide and cost British NHS alone 1 billion pounds annually. 1n the year 1962 research statistic showed the percentage of obesity in America’s population was at 13%. By 1980 it has risen to 15% and by 1994 to 23%. By the year 2000 the obesity progression in America had reached an unprecedented 31%. This means that this obesity plague is not going to stop and will keep on taking over America, causing disastrous consequences. At least that is what the current statistics depict. (Susan, 2005)
It is shocking to know that according to U.S. Surgeon General Report obesity is held responsible for 300,000 deaths every year. These overwhelming research statistics reveal an alarming obesity trend, the need for diagnosis and a call to action.
Obesity is frightening because of the diseases that are affiliated with it. Obesity not only creates physical disturbance but it also disturbs the emotional stability immensely of the person who is a victim to it. And obviously numerous problems begot with the physical and emotional imbalance. No wonder there are so many deaths associated to it. Before knowing the problems that are caused by obesity in detail, it is essential to know the causes of obesity. (Colleen, 2006)
Even though obesity has been poorly labeled as a cosmetic issue in American perception, weight gain and obesity account for increased heath costs, discrimination lawsuits and decreased productivity but the causes of obesity are not crystal clear. Some factors can still be outlined and pointed out as causes of obesity. Genes and heredity is one of the causes. Obesity tends to run in families, implying genetic factors. The search for an “obesity gene” is complicated, however, by the fact that families also tend to share eating and lifestyle habits, making it difficult to separate genetics per se from behavior. Studies have been designed to determine how significantly genes and family lifestyles affect obesity. Studies carried out recently have shown a condition known as metabolic syndrome that has the potential for defining a cause of obesity. (Wieland, 2004) The premise of the metabolic syndrome, according to researcher Lifton is that clusters of illnesses like high cholesterol and high blood pressure may be directly related to gene mutations in the mitochondria or energy center of the cell. It is yet to be determined if weight gain triggers metabolic syndrome of if metabolic syndrome triggers weigh gain. (Clinton, 1999)
The environment that one lives in is also a fundamental factor to bring into consideration when determining the causes of obesity. In America the fast development and quick adoption of the trend of fast food, processed food and enriched food choices on daily basis cannot be ignored. Advertisements for these food products boast their nutrition values and ease of preparation constitute in making lives easier. People tend to lead their busy lives, eat fast, and choose television or computer over exercise. In cultures where people eat high fat diets and get little exercise, more problems with weight gain are seen than in groups who eat low fat diets and get regular exercise. (Richard, 2006) America falls squarely into the high fat/low exercise category. This is unlikely to change quickly, so anyone trying to lose weight has to contend with a culture that marginalizes the obese while simultaneously creating the perfect environment for weight gain. Trying to deal with this contradiction may be one of the leading psychological causes of obesity as well as eating disorders.
It's no surprise that psychological factors and behavioral problems may cause weight gain in people. Many people eat when they're stressed, bored or angry. Over time, the association between an emotion and food can become firmly fixed. Depression and stress are leading causes of obesity and eating disorders. Indeed, obesity can be traced to behavioral or psychological difficulties. Contrary to popular myth, this does not indicate weakness or lack of will power. A mental disorder is as much a disease as any physical problem, and requires professional treatment.
Certain physical causes of obesity can also be highlighted. Certain physical disorders can lead to overeating, or interfere with the body's mechanism that regulates calorie use. Neurological damage can also interfere with proper calorie intake, especially if the hypothalamus, which regulates appetite, is damaged. In Cushings Syndrome, increased levels of cortisol are secreted. Cortisol, also known as the stress hormone, is known to increase the appetite, which may be a cause of obesity.
Physical causes of obesity should always be considered. A condition known as hypothyroidism can lead to weight gain. In fact, hypothyroidism, a condition of the thyroid that slows the body's metabolism way down, is one of the significant causes of obesity in adults and in children. Research is slowly revealing how hormones play a role in obesity. When full, fat cells release the hormone leptin, which curbs appetite. If leptin production is hindered, the fat cells are unable to signal that they're full, and weight gain occurs. (Hilde, 1973)
Certain medications can also be a cause of obesity. Steroid medications are common culprits increasing the amount of fluid the body holds in the body. Some migraine medications are also known to cause weight gain. Antidepressants and other mood altering medications, sometimes used for the treatment of stress, anxiety and depression can also cause increased weight gain.
As mentioned earlier obesity has intensifying effects on both physical and mental health. When we focus our attention on children we get to know the sad news about those who are victim to obesity. Overweight children, as compared to children with a healthy weight, are more likely to develop many health problems such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure, which are associated with heart disease in adults. Type 2 diabetes, previously considered an adult disease, has increased dramatically in overweight children and adolescents. Compared to adults with normal weight, adults with a BMI greater than 30 are more likely to be diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, stroke, high cholesterol, gout, osteoarthritis, sleep problems, asthma, skin conditions and some types of cancer. In June 1998 the American Heart Association announced that it was upgrading obesity to a ‘major risk factor’ for CHD. (Sandra, 2006) Obesity also is an important causal factor in type 2, diabetes, and it complicates management of the disease, making treatment less effective. Children at a healthy weight are free of these weight-related diseases and less at risk of developing these diseases in adulthood. Besides diabetes, childhood obesity can lead to more lethal and life threatening conditions which include high blood pressure, heat diseases, sleep problems, cancer and other disorders. Some of the other disorders would include liver disease, early puberty or menarche, eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, skin infections, and asthma and other respiratory problems. Studies have shown and researches have proven that the overweight children are more likely to grow up as overweight adults. The systems and conditions effected and caused by obesity are as follows. It effects Endocrine-which leads to impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hyperandrogenism, unusual growth and puberty, Gastrointestinal-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis, Musculoskeletal- slipped capital femoral epiphysis and tibia vara, Cardiovascular- hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases, Respiratory-obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Neurological-Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and Skin-furunculosis and intertigo. (David, 2007)
When is comes to obesity, it is known that besides the physical disturbances, it also creates emotional imbalance. The most immediate consequence of being overweight as perceived by children themselves is social discrimination and low-self-esteem. In a study conducted by Schwimmer, et.al. (2003), obese children rated their quality of life with scores as low as those of young cancer patients on chemotherapy. In the study, 106 children aged 5 to 18 filled out a questionnaire used by pediatricians to evaluate quality of life issues. Children were asked to rate things like their ability to walk more than one block, play sports, sleep well, get along with others and keep up in school. The results indicated that that teasing at school, difficulties playing sports, fatigue, sleep apnea and other obesity-linked problems severely affected obese children's well-being. Interestingly, parents answered the same questionnaires, and their ratings of their children's well-being were even lower than the children's self-ratings. The world population is becoming rounder, and each year the situation is worsening. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that we are in the grip of a global epidemic, and it is estimated by the year 2020 obesity will be the single biggest killer on the planet. Professor Philip James, Chairman of the International Obesity Task Force, said that “we now know that the biggest global health burden for the world is dietary in origin and is compounded by association with low physical activity levels. This is going to plague us for the next 30 years.”
Children who are obese are at increased risk for emotional problems that last well into adulthood, according to several studies and experts on the subject. Obesity and the mental disorders they contribute to should be considered as serious as other medical illnesses, they say. The mental health effects of obesity can be as damaging to your health as the physical effects, according to recent obesity research. Mental health struggles caused by being overweight include social discrimination, low self-esteem, and even suicide. The American Psychiatric Association joins others in the medical and public health community in calling attention to the mental health impacts of childhood obesity--a burgeoning public health crisis in the U.S. A study at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey found that obese girls ages 13 to 14 are four times more likely to experience low self-esteem than non-obese girls. The study also reported that obese boys and girls with low self-esteem had higher rates of loneliness, sadness and nervousness. These children were more likely to smoke and drink alcohol compared with obese children with normal self-esteem. Depression, often an outcome of low self-esteem, affects as many as 750,000 teens in the U.S. (Source: Pediatrics, "Childhood Obesity and Self-Esteem," January 2000.) Another research was conducted. Obesity research from the University of Texas at Austin reveals that obese girls are half as likely to attend college as slim girls. Robert Crosnoe conducted the study, which tracked nearly 11,000 American adolescents, and found that boys didn't differ from their non-obese peers in college attendance. (Greg,2004) Obese girls are more likely to consider committing suicide and using drugs and alcohol than their slimmer peers. Crosnoe states: "That girls are far more vulnerable to the non-health risks of obesity reinforces the notion that body image is more important to girls' self-concept and that social norms have greater effects on the education of girls than boys. “The mental health effects of obesity in girls are stronger than boys because girls are more tuned in to their appearance. Body image affects not only their self-esteem but their levels of achievement as well.
Society, culture, and the media send children powerful messages about body weight and shape ideals. For girls, these include the "thin ideal" and an urging to diet and exercise. Messages to boys emphasize a muscular, "buff" body and pressure to body build and perhaps make use of potentially harmful dietary supplements and steroids. While gender has not been identified as a specific risk factor for obesity in children, the pressure upon girls to be thin may put them at greater risk for developing eating disordered behaviors and or related mood symptoms. Although society presents boys with a wider-range of acceptable body images, they are still at risk for developing disordered eating and body image disturbances.
Anxiety and depression are caused by obesity. Social discrimination includes the way society views you based on your appearance. The mental health effects of obesity include social discrimination – people often judge and mistreat individuals who are overweight. Obese people are seen as lazy and lacking in willpower, or incapable of looking after themselves properly. They're socially undesirable, which increases their chances of anxiety and depression. The physical activity of people who are obese is comparatively less to those who are not. Obese women and men are less physically active because it's not only more difficult to move around, it's embarrassing to change in the locker rooms at the gym. Many obese people don't feel comfortable in fitness classes because of their size and shape. This lack of physical activity contributes to the mental health effects of obesity by increasing feelings of depression and anxiety (physical activity reduces feelings of depression and anxiety.
Professor Tony Jorm from the Centre for Mental Health Research at the Australian National University studied the mental health effects of obesity and found that obese people struggle with depression and anxiety. Surprisingly, underweight people were more likely to deal with mental health problems.
Professor Jorm states: "Underweight people also have the advantage in that they have less physical disability and physical ill-health than obese people, and that masks the underlying tendency to anxiety and depression, but when we extract out the physical ill-health component, we're left with this picture that it's the underweight that have the worst mental health." Whether you're overweight or underweight, taking care of your emotional and mental health is one of the best things you can do for your body and life.
According to Dr David Fassler, parents should be alert to certain signs and symptoms that might indicate an overweight child or teen is experiencing emotional distress. The child would have reduced energy or interests and would be reluctant to enter into social relationships or other activities. He/she would seem increasingly sad, lonely, angry or withdrawn. He/she would have few friends. He/she would have thoughts of hurting him/herself or others. Obsessive eating, prolonged sleeping, or not sleeping enough are indicators of this issue as well. When a child is reluctant to go to school, parents should also be alarmed because this too indicates the focused issue.
However it is believe that obesity can be treated depending on what stage it is and the interest of the individual that is a victim to it. As far as children are concerned parents can help fight its consequences, the non surgical options as well as surgical options. Dieting, exercise and medication have long been regarded as the conventional methods to achieve weight loss. Sometime these efforts are successful in the short term. However for people who are morbidly obese, the results rarely last. For many this can translate into what’s called the’ yo-yo syndrome,” where patients continually gain and lose weight with serious psychological and health consequences. Recent research reveals that conventional methods of weigh loss generally fail to produce permanent weight loss. The surgical options on the contrary include stomach banding, sleeve gastrectomy, billo-pancreatic diversion, gastric bypass procedure and intragastric balloon.
Parents can be of immense help in this regard. They can take children to pediatrician for medical evaluation to consider the possibility of a physical cause. In the absence of a physical disorder, the only way to lose weight is to reduce the number of calories being eaten and to increase the child's or adolescent's level of physical activity. They can emphasize on healthy eating, keeping fatty and sugary snacks to minimum and keep fruits, vegetables and low fat snacks available. They can help increase the child’s physical activity, perhaps by taking few brisk walks with the child.
It is important to let the child know that he or she is loved and appreciated irrespective of his/her weight. An overweight child probably knows better than anyone else that he/she has a weight problem. Overweight children seek for support, acceptance and encouragement from their parents. Being a good role model for ones child is extremely important. If the child sees a parent enjoying healthy food, physical activities, he/she is more likely to follow. These little things can account for a better life of children who are victimized by obesity.
Work Cited
Norman A. Krasnegor, Gilman D. Grave, Norman Kretchmer Childhood Obesity: A Biobehavioral Perspective - 1990
Susan Okie Fed Up! Winning the War against Childhood Obesity - 2005
Colleen A. Thompson, Ellen L. Shanley, Overcoming Childhood Obesity - 2006
Wieland Kiess, Claude Marcus, Martin Wabitsch, Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence: 24 Tables - 2004
J. Clinton Smith, Understanding Childhood Obesity - 1999
Richard K. Flamenbaum Childhood Obesity and Health Research: new evidence of myocardial functional - 2006
Hilde Bruch, Eating Disorders: Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, and the Person within - 1973
Sandra Gibson Hassink, American Academy of Pediatrics, a Parent's Guide to Childhood Obesity: A Roadmap to Health - 2006
David Ludwig, Suzanne Rostler, Ending the Food Fight: Guide Your Child to a Healthy Weight in a Fast Food - 2007
Greg Critser Fat Land: How Americans Became the Fattest People in the World
- 2004
http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
Friday, December 4, 2009
Thursday, December 3, 2009
Internet and Children
Stepping into the 21st century changed a lot in this world. The influential factors on individuals, one’s life style, one’s thought process; anything in relation to the ambiance one lives in has changed drastically. The year 2000 marked an initiating point for a life more tech savvy which was to be witnessed by people of this time along with generations yet to come.
The distance grows to become less with the technological advancements. Everything is easily available and accessible. One of the most significant and influential factors include the adoptive and frequent use and reliability on the internet. Internet in technological terms can be defined as a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite. It is a “network or networks” that consist of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope. In simple words internet is in everything we do today. It is an essential element for our academic, social and general life. It is used in firms as well as homes. (Anne, 2000)
Where internet is effective for executives, college students, working people, it also has immense affects on children. Internet entertains and caters all generations of people. As far as children are concerned, internet plays a vital role in their lives. The academic institutions prefer the child to search, look for information and learn from his own efforts. In the initial years it could take endless hours for a person to search on a topic by scanning multiple books with numerous pages and in a library. Things have changed now. The same piece of information would now take hardly five minutes to be searched. Popular search engines like Yahoo.com and Google.com search the required information in 0.5 second and sometimes even less, making it convenient for the children to absorb knowledge. The trend of online gaming is also becoming popular. Internet provides children with home based entertainment activities. Many popular games are learn and played via internet. Besides this, internet has played a major part in saving the social lives of people. Social networking websites have helped children make new pals and retain the ones they have. Facebook.com and orkut.com happen to be one of the most popular websites with regards to social networking. With the wide and successful acceptance of internet, came the trend of online tuition; which once again has proven beneficial for students. They can be home and still learn with the help of qualified teachers that will help them attain their future academic objectives.
The ways in which internet is able to benefit children are numerous and with the passage of time, they continue to grow. As we advance in time, so shall we in technology, which will result it providing us convenience and will gather a lot of knowledge that we seek for and provide us with it in a comprised manner. The world will shrink further and if taken this positively and into appropriate direction then more wonders are waiting to be seen.
Work Cited
Anne Hird Learning from Cyber-savvy Students: How Internet-age Kids Impact Classroom - Education - 2000
http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
The distance grows to become less with the technological advancements. Everything is easily available and accessible. One of the most significant and influential factors include the adoptive and frequent use and reliability on the internet. Internet in technological terms can be defined as a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite. It is a “network or networks” that consist of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope. In simple words internet is in everything we do today. It is an essential element for our academic, social and general life. It is used in firms as well as homes. (Anne, 2000)
Where internet is effective for executives, college students, working people, it also has immense affects on children. Internet entertains and caters all generations of people. As far as children are concerned, internet plays a vital role in their lives. The academic institutions prefer the child to search, look for information and learn from his own efforts. In the initial years it could take endless hours for a person to search on a topic by scanning multiple books with numerous pages and in a library. Things have changed now. The same piece of information would now take hardly five minutes to be searched. Popular search engines like Yahoo.com and Google.com search the required information in 0.5 second and sometimes even less, making it convenient for the children to absorb knowledge. The trend of online gaming is also becoming popular. Internet provides children with home based entertainment activities. Many popular games are learn and played via internet. Besides this, internet has played a major part in saving the social lives of people. Social networking websites have helped children make new pals and retain the ones they have. Facebook.com and orkut.com happen to be one of the most popular websites with regards to social networking. With the wide and successful acceptance of internet, came the trend of online tuition; which once again has proven beneficial for students. They can be home and still learn with the help of qualified teachers that will help them attain their future academic objectives.
The ways in which internet is able to benefit children are numerous and with the passage of time, they continue to grow. As we advance in time, so shall we in technology, which will result it providing us convenience and will gather a lot of knowledge that we seek for and provide us with it in a comprised manner. The world will shrink further and if taken this positively and into appropriate direction then more wonders are waiting to be seen.
Work Cited
Anne Hird Learning from Cyber-savvy Students: How Internet-age Kids Impact Classroom - Education - 2000
http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
Places to live- for college students "Essay"
When entering in college it is extremely essential for a student to take care of certain things, to obtain what he has expected from himself during the academic semester. Everything in a student’s life contributes to a certain extent, larger or smaller, to his academic education. His parents, his social circle, his college, his teachers, his ambience, everything plays its own role. An appropriate place to live is one of the most important issues to keep into consideration. A student can have several options for example living with his parents, living in dormitory or renting a single apartment. He can opt for any of these as per his suitability and convenience and most importantly keeping his academic objectives in mind.
Selecting a place should be done by considering factors like parents, social circle and the student’s personality in mind. If one belongs to a family with responsible and encouraging parents, then I believe one can prefer to stay in his own house. Encouragements from parents can help the student be motivated. The family should know his class timings, his exam schedule and his daily routine because they might need to plan everything accordingly to ensure that the education of their son does not get intercepted. On the contrary one must not be able to study at home, if the parents lack the above mentioned traits. It might be impossible for one to study in a noisy environment. Family issues are known to distract students from their studies. If such is the scenario of one’s place then I believe it’s wise to opt for other options.
Many students favor the idea of renting an apartment and sharing it with friends. This I believe is only suitable if one’s flat mates are responsible, share same academic objectives and are not into anything illegal or unhealthy. Sharing an apartment with someone involves a great risk factor. Such a scenario should be avoided if the person one is planning to share an apartment with is hardly a friend. It one can find a group of people who meet up with the mentioned requirements and are willing to share responsibilities and follow the rules then it is okay to go ahead with it.
A student can live in college dormitory. This is most suitable if the student lives far away from the college and wants to remain in close proximity of the college. This might be helpful for him as far as his studies are concerned. He may take assistance of a fellow student and can do combined studies to achieve good grades. Living by him may also serve as a contribution factor to make him responsible in his life. It will give him a chance to exercise responsibility in his life. The time wastage factor is minimized when one lives in dormitory due to less traveling. The rules and regulations of a dormitory ensure that the student is not doing anything which can have a negative impact on his academic life.
Out of all these options, a student can opt for anything but it is foremost important to keep the above mentioned factors in mind, analyzing the pros and cons of each option and then arriving at an option that one believes will serve as most beneficial for him in future.
Source: http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
Selecting a place should be done by considering factors like parents, social circle and the student’s personality in mind. If one belongs to a family with responsible and encouraging parents, then I believe one can prefer to stay in his own house. Encouragements from parents can help the student be motivated. The family should know his class timings, his exam schedule and his daily routine because they might need to plan everything accordingly to ensure that the education of their son does not get intercepted. On the contrary one must not be able to study at home, if the parents lack the above mentioned traits. It might be impossible for one to study in a noisy environment. Family issues are known to distract students from their studies. If such is the scenario of one’s place then I believe it’s wise to opt for other options.
Many students favor the idea of renting an apartment and sharing it with friends. This I believe is only suitable if one’s flat mates are responsible, share same academic objectives and are not into anything illegal or unhealthy. Sharing an apartment with someone involves a great risk factor. Such a scenario should be avoided if the person one is planning to share an apartment with is hardly a friend. It one can find a group of people who meet up with the mentioned requirements and are willing to share responsibilities and follow the rules then it is okay to go ahead with it.
A student can live in college dormitory. This is most suitable if the student lives far away from the college and wants to remain in close proximity of the college. This might be helpful for him as far as his studies are concerned. He may take assistance of a fellow student and can do combined studies to achieve good grades. Living by him may also serve as a contribution factor to make him responsible in his life. It will give him a chance to exercise responsibility in his life. The time wastage factor is minimized when one lives in dormitory due to less traveling. The rules and regulations of a dormitory ensure that the student is not doing anything which can have a negative impact on his academic life.
Out of all these options, a student can opt for anything but it is foremost important to keep the above mentioned factors in mind, analyzing the pros and cons of each option and then arriving at an option that one believes will serve as most beneficial for him in future.
Source: http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
Global Warming Essay
Global warming and Livestock
Earth's atmosphere contains certain gases called greenhouse gases (mostly water vapor and carbon dioxide) which act to keep the lower layers of the atmosphere warmer that they otherwise would be without those gases. “Global Warming” is the expected slow, gradual warming of the lower layers of the Earth’s lower atmosphere by the slowly increasing concentrations of man-made greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, and to a lesser extent methane. These gases trap infrared radiation, which is the “heat radiation” that cools the Earth. (In order for the Earth to remain at a constant temperature, the Earth must lose as much energy through infrared radiation as it gains from the sun. This concept is called energy balance.) The burning of fossil fuels, mainly petroleum and coal, produces carbon dioxide as one of the by-products. As of 2003, the concentration of carbon dioxide is over 50% higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution in the late 1800's-which is when the burning of fossil fuels really took off. (Herro, 2008)
Global warming is a very serious issue. The consensus of opinion is that a warming of about 0.2 degrees Celsius (about 0.4 deg. F) every 10 years is expected for the next 100 years or so. This can lead to disastrous consequences. Increasing global temperatures are causing a broad range of changes. Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice. Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing. The total annual power of hurricanes has already increased markedly since 1975 because their average intensity and average duration have increased (in addition, there has been a high correlation of hurricane power with tropical sea-surface temperature). (Jacobson, 2007)
Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of other extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier. Although global warming is affecting the number and magnitude of these events, it is difficult to connect specific events to global warming. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming is expected to continue past then because carbon dioxide (chemical symbol CO2) has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200 years. (Winter, 2007)
A single contirubutor to global warming cannot be pinpointted. Numerous factors play a vitral role in giving immense rise to global warming in today’s world. Carbondioxide emulsion from factories, cars, buildings, powerplants, and vehicle raises global warming. Besides carobondioxide, gases like methane and nitrousoxide also serve as the unfriendly gases in the atmosphere. Deforestation and livestock also contribute to global warming.
The harmful environmental effects of livestock production are becoming increasingly serious at all levels—local, regional, national and global—and urgently need to be addressed. Extensive livestock production plays a critical role in land degradation, climate change, water and biodiversity loss. grazing occupies 26 percent of the Earth's terrestrial surface, and feed-crop production requires about a third of all arable land. Expansion of livestock grazing land is also a leading cause of deforestation, especially in Latin America. In the Amazon basin alone, about 70 percent of previously forested land is used as pasture, while feed crops cover a large part of the remainder. We are seeing land once farmed locally being transformed to cropland for industrialized feed production, with grasslands and tropical forests being destroyed in these land use changes, with resources feeding livestock rather than the humans who previously depended on those lands. (Whittelsey, 2007)
When emissions from land use are factored in, the livestock sector accounts for 9 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions derived from human-related activities, as well as 37 percent of methane emissions—primarily gas from the digestive system of cattle and other domesticated ruminants—and 65 percent of nitrous oxide gases, mostly from manure. (Netting, 2005) The problems surrounding livestock production cannot be considered in isolation, nor are they limited to the environmental impact, noting that economic, social, health and environmental perspectives will be critical to solving some of these problems. We hope to develop a greater understanding of these complex issues so that we may encourage policies and practices to reduce the adverse effects of livestock production, while ensuring that humans are fed and natural resources are preserved, today and in the future.
References
Herro, Alana. Adjustments to Agriculture May Help Mitigate Global Warming. World Watch, May/Jun2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p4-4, 1/2p
Winter, Drew. Livestock are the Real Climate Pigs. Ward's Auto World, Nov2007, Vol. 43 Issue 11, p3-3
Whittelsey, Frances Cerra. BIO-HOPE, BIO-HYPE. Sierra, Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p50-51
Jacobson, Michael F. Diet for a Cooler Planet. . Nutrition Action Health Letter, May2007, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p2-2
Netting, Jessa Forte. Littlest Butterfly. Discover, Dec2005, Vol. 26 Issue 12, p9-9
Source http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
Earth's atmosphere contains certain gases called greenhouse gases (mostly water vapor and carbon dioxide) which act to keep the lower layers of the atmosphere warmer that they otherwise would be without those gases. “Global Warming” is the expected slow, gradual warming of the lower layers of the Earth’s lower atmosphere by the slowly increasing concentrations of man-made greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, and to a lesser extent methane. These gases trap infrared radiation, which is the “heat radiation” that cools the Earth. (In order for the Earth to remain at a constant temperature, the Earth must lose as much energy through infrared radiation as it gains from the sun. This concept is called energy balance.) The burning of fossil fuels, mainly petroleum and coal, produces carbon dioxide as one of the by-products. As of 2003, the concentration of carbon dioxide is over 50% higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution in the late 1800's-which is when the burning of fossil fuels really took off. (Herro, 2008)
Global warming is a very serious issue. The consensus of opinion is that a warming of about 0.2 degrees Celsius (about 0.4 deg. F) every 10 years is expected for the next 100 years or so. This can lead to disastrous consequences. Increasing global temperatures are causing a broad range of changes. Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice. Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing. The total annual power of hurricanes has already increased markedly since 1975 because their average intensity and average duration have increased (in addition, there has been a high correlation of hurricane power with tropical sea-surface temperature). (Jacobson, 2007)
Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of other extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier. Although global warming is affecting the number and magnitude of these events, it is difficult to connect specific events to global warming. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming is expected to continue past then because carbon dioxide (chemical symbol CO2) has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200 years. (Winter, 2007)
A single contirubutor to global warming cannot be pinpointted. Numerous factors play a vitral role in giving immense rise to global warming in today’s world. Carbondioxide emulsion from factories, cars, buildings, powerplants, and vehicle raises global warming. Besides carobondioxide, gases like methane and nitrousoxide also serve as the unfriendly gases in the atmosphere. Deforestation and livestock also contribute to global warming.
The harmful environmental effects of livestock production are becoming increasingly serious at all levels—local, regional, national and global—and urgently need to be addressed. Extensive livestock production plays a critical role in land degradation, climate change, water and biodiversity loss. grazing occupies 26 percent of the Earth's terrestrial surface, and feed-crop production requires about a third of all arable land. Expansion of livestock grazing land is also a leading cause of deforestation, especially in Latin America. In the Amazon basin alone, about 70 percent of previously forested land is used as pasture, while feed crops cover a large part of the remainder. We are seeing land once farmed locally being transformed to cropland for industrialized feed production, with grasslands and tropical forests being destroyed in these land use changes, with resources feeding livestock rather than the humans who previously depended on those lands. (Whittelsey, 2007)
When emissions from land use are factored in, the livestock sector accounts for 9 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions derived from human-related activities, as well as 37 percent of methane emissions—primarily gas from the digestive system of cattle and other domesticated ruminants—and 65 percent of nitrous oxide gases, mostly from manure. (Netting, 2005) The problems surrounding livestock production cannot be considered in isolation, nor are they limited to the environmental impact, noting that economic, social, health and environmental perspectives will be critical to solving some of these problems. We hope to develop a greater understanding of these complex issues so that we may encourage policies and practices to reduce the adverse effects of livestock production, while ensuring that humans are fed and natural resources are preserved, today and in the future.
References
Herro, Alana. Adjustments to Agriculture May Help Mitigate Global Warming. World Watch, May/Jun2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p4-4, 1/2p
Winter, Drew. Livestock are the Real Climate Pigs. Ward's Auto World, Nov2007, Vol. 43 Issue 11, p3-3
Whittelsey, Frances Cerra. BIO-HOPE, BIO-HYPE. Sierra, Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p50-51
Jacobson, Michael F. Diet for a Cooler Planet. . Nutrition Action Health Letter, May2007, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p2-2
Netting, Jessa Forte. Littlest Butterfly. Discover, Dec2005, Vol. 26 Issue 12, p9-9
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WHAT IT TAKES TO BE A WRITER
We probably write everyday without even thinking about it. We may share e-mail messages with friends or write cards to thank relatives for gifts they have given to us and vice versa. Even something as simple as jotting down a phone message is a form of writing. In addition, we do a variety of forms of writing in our institutions– ranging from taking notes to writing stories to completing research reports. The initial thing is why we write and what does it take to be a successful writer? What are the requirements? Like speaking, writing allows us to communicate our thoughts, opinions, and knowledge to others. The best thing is that it can communicate with a wider audience than a person can in everyday conversation. Some people might read the written work today– and others can read it next week or next year. By developing strong skills, a person can strengthen the abilities to communicate with others.
Success as a writer doesn’t come all at once. Passion, discipline, patience, positive outlook, confidence, perseverance, motivation and the art of story crafting are very important aspects for becoming a writer. The very skills required to get along in the world are precisely what require being a successful storyteller. We don’t have to know how to play the guitar or paint a landscape to live, but we must know how people work, how we work, and how the world works. If we didn't, we wouldn't have made it this far. And because we’ve made it this far, we've got at least ten novels in us. A normal person may not feel it but it’s a fact that they're there. Talent is a bonus. But talent alone, talent without craft, will never do the job. Beautiful writing will not save a dead story. A beautiful corpse is still a dead body. No matter how pretty we make it, it's never going rise up and does something exciting. There may be obstacles, hazards, loose impediments along the way, but patience will make our progress smoother. The passion requires a yes, I can do it manner. We cannot give up. If all these things – passion, discipline, patience, positive outlook, and confidence – have lined up within us, we have no choice but to proceed with perseverance. Throwing the towel in does not grasp us our dream. Fruition never comes if we don’t keep pushing and seeking. We cannot give up. There are six things need to keep in mind for writing. They are Ideas, Organization, Voice, Word Choice, Sentence Fluency and Conventions.
IDEAS
As the good writing begin with good ideas. When a person comes up with ideas to write about, it is important to select those that interest him. The more interested he is in what he what he writes, the better he will write. Consider also whether the ideas will interest the people who read his writing. He should be sure to choose ideas that will interest others. Keep in mind the target audience type of writing.
ORGANIZATION
The next characteristic of a good writer is a clear and consistent organization. It’s better to choose a logical way of arranging information that suits the topic and the type of writing needs to be done.
WORD CHOICE
As the required commitment, each word should be carefully selected to convey the exact meaning, intended for. And in addition, should consider the associations that certain words call to mind for readers. Two words that have the same meaning can convey different impressions– one positive, one negative, to convey a positive impression of the subject, words selection should be of the words that support the impression. A writer should be ready to accept any type of objections.
SENTENCE FLUENCY
The sound of the writing as well as its meaning is also mattered. Because when a person read the work aloud, the sentences should flow smoothly into one another. And this could be achieved by transitions to connect sentences.
CONVENTIONS
Finally, carefully following the conventions of grammar, usage, mechanics and spelling is also important for a good writer. A potentially great piece of writing will have a poor impact if it contains errors in these areas. The proofreading helps in eliminating the errors. So, greater than the lot, it takes a never-ending determination and the potency to keep writing. The process of becoming a good writer also requires five things, which should be covered to be a successful writer.
PREWRITING
Freely exploring topics, choosing a topic, and gathering and organizing details before writing; whatever comes in mind write it down. The imaginations, motivation, passion every thing counts and pays it return.
1. DRAFTING Getting ideas down on paper in roughly the format needed.
2. REVISING Correcting any major errors and improving the writing’s form and content.
3. EDITING AND PROOFREADING Polishing the writing by correcting errors in grammar, spelling, and mechanics.
4. PUBLISHING AND PRESENTING (Sharing writing)
Whatever a person think, should figure out that how I am going to continue it. It’ll come in handy sooner than later. Make a pact with self. How many words do I want to write a day? How many edited words? How many books do I want to read a year? And stick with it. Writing every day is a must, we must live to write and love to write. And most certainly, don’t expect to survive from our writing, at least, not anytime soon? How will I handle criticism? How do I plan to handle rejection? Make a plan not to cave in to rejection. Find a way to motivate yourself. Publication is great for this, even if it is self-publish. If we believe that isn’t the way to go? Then go the Submission route, maybe we’re right. But never believe in the rejections, never quit. And if you’re down to the last breath, try self-publishing and see, who knows we just might be one of the ones that has to prove they can write by selling their own books? No shame in that dreams are ours to share the ability to write well is beneficial in any setting, whether it's the classroom or the corporate world.
Source:
http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
Success as a writer doesn’t come all at once. Passion, discipline, patience, positive outlook, confidence, perseverance, motivation and the art of story crafting are very important aspects for becoming a writer. The very skills required to get along in the world are precisely what require being a successful storyteller. We don’t have to know how to play the guitar or paint a landscape to live, but we must know how people work, how we work, and how the world works. If we didn't, we wouldn't have made it this far. And because we’ve made it this far, we've got at least ten novels in us. A normal person may not feel it but it’s a fact that they're there. Talent is a bonus. But talent alone, talent without craft, will never do the job. Beautiful writing will not save a dead story. A beautiful corpse is still a dead body. No matter how pretty we make it, it's never going rise up and does something exciting. There may be obstacles, hazards, loose impediments along the way, but patience will make our progress smoother. The passion requires a yes, I can do it manner. We cannot give up. If all these things – passion, discipline, patience, positive outlook, and confidence – have lined up within us, we have no choice but to proceed with perseverance. Throwing the towel in does not grasp us our dream. Fruition never comes if we don’t keep pushing and seeking. We cannot give up. There are six things need to keep in mind for writing. They are Ideas, Organization, Voice, Word Choice, Sentence Fluency and Conventions.
IDEAS
As the good writing begin with good ideas. When a person comes up with ideas to write about, it is important to select those that interest him. The more interested he is in what he what he writes, the better he will write. Consider also whether the ideas will interest the people who read his writing. He should be sure to choose ideas that will interest others. Keep in mind the target audience type of writing.
ORGANIZATION
The next characteristic of a good writer is a clear and consistent organization. It’s better to choose a logical way of arranging information that suits the topic and the type of writing needs to be done.
WORD CHOICE
As the required commitment, each word should be carefully selected to convey the exact meaning, intended for. And in addition, should consider the associations that certain words call to mind for readers. Two words that have the same meaning can convey different impressions– one positive, one negative, to convey a positive impression of the subject, words selection should be of the words that support the impression. A writer should be ready to accept any type of objections.
SENTENCE FLUENCY
The sound of the writing as well as its meaning is also mattered. Because when a person read the work aloud, the sentences should flow smoothly into one another. And this could be achieved by transitions to connect sentences.
CONVENTIONS
Finally, carefully following the conventions of grammar, usage, mechanics and spelling is also important for a good writer. A potentially great piece of writing will have a poor impact if it contains errors in these areas. The proofreading helps in eliminating the errors. So, greater than the lot, it takes a never-ending determination and the potency to keep writing. The process of becoming a good writer also requires five things, which should be covered to be a successful writer.
PREWRITING
Freely exploring topics, choosing a topic, and gathering and organizing details before writing; whatever comes in mind write it down. The imaginations, motivation, passion every thing counts and pays it return.
1. DRAFTING Getting ideas down on paper in roughly the format needed.
2. REVISING Correcting any major errors and improving the writing’s form and content.
3. EDITING AND PROOFREADING Polishing the writing by correcting errors in grammar, spelling, and mechanics.
4. PUBLISHING AND PRESENTING (Sharing writing)
Whatever a person think, should figure out that how I am going to continue it. It’ll come in handy sooner than later. Make a pact with self. How many words do I want to write a day? How many edited words? How many books do I want to read a year? And stick with it. Writing every day is a must, we must live to write and love to write. And most certainly, don’t expect to survive from our writing, at least, not anytime soon? How will I handle criticism? How do I plan to handle rejection? Make a plan not to cave in to rejection. Find a way to motivate yourself. Publication is great for this, even if it is self-publish. If we believe that isn’t the way to go? Then go the Submission route, maybe we’re right. But never believe in the rejections, never quit. And if you’re down to the last breath, try self-publishing and see, who knows we just might be one of the ones that has to prove they can write by selling their own books? No shame in that dreams are ours to share the ability to write well is beneficial in any setting, whether it's the classroom or the corporate world.
Source:
http://www.easydissertationhelp.com
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